"O2 Telefónica, Vodafone, and Deutsche Telekom have announced plans to shut down 2G mobile networks in Germany by 2028. The move aims to free up spectrum for more efficient 4G and 5G technologies. While most consumers will be unaffected, industrial IoT applications currently relying on 2G are urged to migrate to newer standards. Vodafone plans to retain a portion of the 2G spectrum until 2030 specifically for industrial IoT use."